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===Mastication and Cognitive Processes===
===Mastication and Cognitive Processes===
In recent years, mastication has been a topic of discussion about the maintenance and support effects of cognitive performance.
In recent years, mastication has been a topic of discussion about the maintenance and support effects of cognitive performance.
An elegant study performed through <sub>f</sub>MR and positron emission tomography (PET) has shown that mastication leads to an increase in cortical blood flow and activates the additional somatosensory cortex, motor motor and insular, as well as the striatum, the thalamus, and the cerebellum.
An elegant study performed through <sub>f</sub>MR and positron emission tomography (PET) has shown that mastication leads to an increase in cortical blood flow and activates the additional somatosensory cortex, motor motor and insular, as well as the striatum, the thalamus, and the cerebellum.
Mastication right before performing a cognitive task increases oxygen levels in the blood (BOLD of the fMRI signal) in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, important structures involved in learning and memory, thereby improving the performance task..<ref>Yamada K, Park H, Sato S, Onozuka M, Kubo K, Yamamoto T., Dynorphin-A immunoreactive terminals on the neuronal somata of rat mesencephalic trigeminalnucleus. Neurosci Lett. 2008 Jun 20;438(2):150-4. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.030. Epub 2008 Apr 15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Dynorphin-A+immunoreactive+terminals+on+the+neuronal+somata+of+rat+mesencephalic+trigeminal+nucleus</ref> Previous epidemiological studies have shown that a reduced number of residual teeth, incongruous use of prosthetics, and a limited development of the mandibular force are directly related to the development of dementia, further supporting the notion that mastication contributes to maintaining cognitive functions.<ref>Kondo K, Niino M, Shido KDementia. A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease in Japan--significance of life-styles. 1994 Nov-Dec;5(6):314-26.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=A+case-control+study+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease+in+Japan--significance+of+life-styles</ref>.
Mastication right before performing a cognitive task increases oxygen levels in the blood (BOLD of the fMRI signal) in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, important structures involved in learning and memory, thereby improving the performance task..<ref>{{Cite book
| autore = Yamada K
| autore2 = Park H
| autore3 = Sato S
| autore4 = Onozuka M
| autore5 = Kubo K
| autore6 = Yamamoto T
| titolo = Dynorphin-A immunoreactive terminals on the neuronal somata of rat mesencephalic trigeminalnucleus
| url =
| volume =
| opera = Neurosci Lett
| anno = 2008
| editore = Elsevier Ireland
| città =
| ISBN =
| PMID = 18455871
| PMCID =
| DOI = 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.030
| oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
| LCCN =
| OCLC =
}} https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Dynorphin-A+immunoreactive+terminals+on+the+neuronal+somata+of+rat+mesencephalic+trigeminal+nucleus</ref> Previous epidemiological studies have shown that a reduced number of residual teeth, incongruous use of prosthetics, and a limited development of the mandibular force are directly related to the development of dementia, further supporting the notion that mastication contributes to maintaining cognitive functions.<ref>{{Cite book
| autore = Kondo K
| autore2 = Niino M
| autore3 = Shido K
| titolo = Dementia. A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease in Japan - significance of life-styles
| url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7866485/
| volume =
| opera =
| anno = 1994
| editore =
| città =
| ISBN =
| PMID = 7866485
| PMCID =
| DOI = 10.1159/000106741
| oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
| LCCN =
| OCLC =
}}</ref>.
A recent study <ref name=":1">Kubo KY, Ichihashi Y, Kurata C, Iinuma M, Mori D, Katayama T, Miyake H, Fujiwara S, Tamura Y., Masticatory function and cognitive function. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 2010 Nov;87(3):135-40.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21174943</ref> has provided further evidence in support of the interaction between masticatory processes, learning and memory, focusing on the function of the hippocampus that is essential for the formation of new memories.
A recent study <ref name=":1">Kubo KY, Ichihashi Y, Kurata C, Iinuma M, Mori D, Katayama T, Miyake H, Fujiwara S, Tamura Y., Masticatory function and cognitive function. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 2010 Nov;87(3):135-40.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21174943</ref> has provided further evidence in support of the interaction between masticatory processes, learning and memory, focusing on the function of the hippocampus that is essential for the formation of new memories.