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*'''Interdyscyplinarność''': <br>W polityce naukowej powszechnie uznaje się, że „rozwiązywanie problemów oparte na nauce wymaga badań interdyscyplinarnych” („IDR”), zgodnie z propozycją unijnego projektu Horyzont 2020<ref>European Union, ''[https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/h2020-section/societal-challenges Horizon 2020]''</ref>. In a recent study, the authors focus on the question why researchers have cognitive and epistemic difficulties in conducting IDR. It is believed that the loss of philosophical interest in the epistemology of interdisciplinary research is due to a philosophical paradigm of science called "Physics Paradigm of Science", which prevents recognition of important IDR changes in both the philosophy of science and research.<br>The proposed alternative philosophical paradigm, called "''Engineering Paradigm of Science''", makes alternative philosophical assumptions about aspects such as the purpose of science, the character of knowledge, the epistemic and pragmatic criteria for the acceptance of knowledge and the role of technological tools. Consequently, scientific researchers need so-called ''metacognitive scaffolds'' to assist them in the analysis and reconstruction of how "knowledge" is constructed in different disciplines.<br>In interdisciplinary research, metacognitive scaffolds help interdisciplinary communication analyse and articulate how the discipline builds knowledge<ref name=":0">

*'''Interdyscyplinarność''': <br>W polityce naukowej powszechnie uznaje się, że „rozwiązywanie problemów oparte na nauce wymaga badań interdyscyplinarnych” („IDR”), zgodnie z propozycją unijnego projektu Horyzont 2020<ref>European Union, ''[https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/h2020-section/societal-challenges Horizon 2020]''</ref>. W niedawnym badaniu autorzy skupiają się na pytaniu, dlaczego badacze mają trudności poznawcze i epistemiczne w przeprowadzaniu IDR. Uważa się, że utrata filozoficznego zainteresowania epistemologią badań interdyscyplinarnych jest spowodowana filozoficznym paradygmatem nauki zwanym „fizycznym paradygmatem nauki”, który uniemożliwia rozpoznanie istotnych zmian IDR zarówno w filozofii nauki, jak i badań.<br>The proposed alternative philosophical paradigm, called "''Engineering Paradigm of Science''", makes alternative philosophical assumptions about aspects such as the purpose of science, the character of knowledge, the epistemic and pragmatic criteria for the acceptance of knowledge and the role of technological tools. Consequently, scientific researchers need so-called ''metacognitive scaffolds'' to assist them in the analysis and reconstruction of how "knowledge" is constructed in different disciplines.<br>In interdisciplinary research, metacognitive scaffolds help interdisciplinary communication analyse and articulate how the discipline builds knowledge<ref name=":0">

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  | autore = Boon M

  | autore = Boon M