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  }}</ref> ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive-nomological_model deductive-nomological model]<ref>''(modello nomologico-deduttivo),'', conosciuto come ''modello di Hempel'', ''Hempel–Oppenheim model'', ''Popper–Hempel model'', o '''covering law model'''</ref>). But this is not realistic, since the medical knowledge used in clinical decision-making hardly contains causal deterministic laws to allow causal explanations and, hence, to formulate clinical diagnoses, among other things in the specialist context. Let us try to analyse again the case of our Mary Poppins, this time trying a probabilistic-causal approach.

  }}</ref> ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive-nomological_model deductive-nomological model]<ref>''(modello nomologico-deduttivo),'', conosciuto come ''modello di Hempel'', ''Hempel–Oppenheim model'', ''Popper–Hempel model'', o '''covering law model'''</ref>). ma ciò non è realistico perché le conoscenze mediche utilizzate nel processo decisionale clinico contengono a malapena leggi deterministiche causali per consentire spiegazioni causali e quindi, formulare diagnosi cliniche tra l'altro nel contesto specialistico.Proviamo ad analizzare di nuovo il caso della nostra Mary Poppins provando questa volta un approccio probabilistico-causale.

Let us consider a number <math>n</math> of individuals including people who report Orofacial Pain who generally have bone degeneration of the Temporomandibular Joint. However, there may also be other apparently unrelated causes. We must mathematically translate the 'relevance' that these causal uncertainties have in determining a diagnosis.

Let us consider a number <math>n</math> of individuals including people who report Orofacial Pain who generally have bone degeneration of the Temporomandibular Joint. However, there may also be other apparently unrelated causes. We must mathematically translate the 'relevance' that these causal uncertainties have in determining a diagnosis.