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→Final Considerations
==Final Considerations==
==Final Considerations==
The logic of language is by no means a topic for philosophers and pedagogues; but it substantially concerns a fundamental aspect of medicine that is '''Diagnosis'''. Note that the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9), has 6,969 disease codes, while there are 12,420 in ICD-10 (OMS 2013)<ref name=":0">Donald E Stanley, Daniel G Campos. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23974509/?from_term=%22logic+of+diagnosis%22&from_pos=1 The Logic of Medical Diagnosis]. Spring 2013;56(2):300-15. doi: 10.1353/pbm.2013.0019.</ref>. Based on the results of large series of autopsies, Leape, Berwick and Bates (2002a)<ref>Lucian L Leape, Donald M Berwick, David W Bates. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12132984/?from_single_result=Leape%2C+L.%2C+D.+Berwick%2C+and+D.+Bates.+2002a.What+practices+will+most+improve+safety%3F+Evidence-based+medicine+meets+patient+safety.+JAMA+288%284%29%3A501%E2%80%937.&expanded_search_query=Leape%2C+L.%2C+D.+Berwick%2C+and+D.+Bates.+2002a.What+practices+will+most+improve+safety%3F+Evidence-based+medicine+meets+patient+safety.+JAMA+288%284%29%3A501%E2%80%937. What Practices Will Most Improve Safety? Evidence-based Medicine Meets Patient Safety]. 2002 Jul 24-31;288(4):501-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.4.501.</ref> estimated that diagnostic errors caused 40,000 to 80,000 deaths annually. Additionally, in a recent survey of over 6,000 doctors, 96% believed that diagnostic errors were preventable<ref>Mark L Graber, Robert M Wachter, Christine K Cassel. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23011708/?from_single_result=Graber%2C+M.%2C+R.+Wachter%2C+and+C.+Cassel.+2012.+Bringing+diagnosis+into+the+quality+and+safety+equations.+JAMA+308%2812%29%3A1211%E2%80%9312.&expanded_search_query=Graber%2C+M.%2C+R.+Wachter%2C+and+C.+Cassel.+2012.+Bringing+diagnosis+into+the+quality+and+safety+equations.+JAMA+308%2812%29%3A1211%E2%80%9312. Bringing Diagnosis Into the Quality and Safety Equations.] . 2012 Sep 26;308(12):1211-2. doi: 10.1001/2012.jama.11913.</ref>.
The logic of language is by no means a topic for philosophers and pedagogues; but it substantially concerns a fundamental aspect of medicine that is '''Diagnosis'''. Note that the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9), has 6,969 disease codes, while there are 12,420 in ICD-10 (OMS 2013)<ref name=":0">{{cite book
| autore = Stanley DE
| autore2 = Campos DG
| titolo = The Logic of Medical Diagnosis
| url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23974509/
| volume =
| opera = Perspect Biol Med
| anno = 2013
| editore = Johns Hopkins University Press
| città =
| ISSN = 1529-8795
| ISBN =
| PMID = 23974509
| PMCID =
| DOI = 10.1353/pbm.2013.0019
| oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
}}</ref>. Based on the results of large series of autopsies, Leape, Berwick and Bates (2002a)<ref>{{cite book
| autore = Leape LL
| autore2 = Berwick DM
| autore3 = Bates DW
| titolo = What Practices Will Most Improve Safety? Evidence-based Medicine Meets Patient Safety
| url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12132984/
| volume =
| opera = JAMA
| anno = 2002
| editore =
| città =
| ISBN =
| PMID = 12132984
| PMCID =
| DOI = 10.1001/jama.288.4.501
| oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
}}</ref> estimated that diagnostic errors caused 40,000 to 80,000 deaths annually. Additionally, in a recent survey of over 6,000 doctors, 96% believed that diagnostic errors were preventable<ref>Mark L Graber, Robert M Wachter, Christine K Cassel. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23011708/?from_single_result=Graber%2C+M.%2C+R.+Wachter%2C+and+C.+Cassel.+2012.+Bringing+diagnosis+into+the+quality+and+safety+equations.+JAMA+308%2812%29%3A1211%E2%80%9312.&expanded_search_query=Graber%2C+M.%2C+R.+Wachter%2C+and+C.+Cassel.+2012.+Bringing+diagnosis+into+the+quality+and+safety+equations.+JAMA+308%2812%29%3A1211%E2%80%9312. Bringing Diagnosis Into the Quality and Safety Equations.] . 2012 Sep 26;308(12):1211-2. doi: 10.1001/2012.jama.11913.</ref>.
Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)<ref>[[wpit:Charles_Sanders_Peircehttps://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce|Charles Sanders Peirce]]</ref>, logician and practicing scientist, gradually developed a triadic account of the logic of inquiry. He distinguishes between three forms of argumentation, types of inference and research methods that are involved in scientific inquiry, namely:
Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)<ref>[[wpit:Charles_Sanders_Peircehttps://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce|Charles Sanders Peirce]]</ref>, logician and practicing scientist, gradually developed a triadic account of the logic of inquiry. He distinguishes between three forms of argumentation, types of inference and research methods that are involved in scientific inquiry, namely: