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Logic of medical language 2 (view source)

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==<translate><!--T:52--> What does a medical term mean</translate>==
 
==<translate><!--T:52--> What does a medical term mean</translate>==
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#<translate><!--T:77--> In the neurological ‘context’, however, the term ''pain in the right half face'' represents a relatively wide ‘<sub>n</sub>OP’ extension and an intension composed of a series of clinical features, perhaps supported by a series of instrumental radiological investigations, EMG, somatosensory evoked potentials, etc.</translate>
 
#<translate><!--T:77--> In the neurological ‘context’, however, the term ''pain in the right half face'' represents a relatively wide ‘<sub>n</sub>OP’ extension and an intension composed of a series of clinical features, perhaps supported by a series of instrumental radiological investigations, EMG, somatosensory evoked potentials, etc.</translate>
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<translate><!--T:78--> This brief but essential argument allows us to ascertain how the linguistic expression of a medical language is vulnerable for a series of reasons; among these, please note semantic incompleteness, as well as how a meaning can be so different in different contexts that the terms ‘<sub>n</sub>OP’ or ' TMDs' become ambiguous with these premises</translate><ref>
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<translate><!--T:78--> This brief but essential argument allows us to ascertain how the linguistic expression of a medical language is vulnerable for a series of reasons; among these, please note semantic incompleteness, as well as how a meaning can be so different in different contexts that the terms ‘<sub>n</sub>OP’ or ' TMDs' become ambiguous with these premises</translate><ref>{{cita libro  
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{{cita libro  
   
  | autore = Jääskeläinen SK
 
  | autore = Jääskeläinen SK
 
  | titolo =  Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Neuropathic Orofacial Pain: Role of Clinical Neurophysiology
 
  | titolo =  Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Neuropathic Orofacial Pain: Role of Clinical Neurophysiology
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  | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 
  | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 
  | PMID = 31688325
 
  | PMID = 31688325
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  }}</ref>.
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==<translate><!--T:79--> Ambiguity and Vagueness</translate>==
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<translate><!--T:80--> As said, beyond the language used, the meaning of a medical term also depends on the contexts from which it originates, and this can generate ‘ambiguity’ or ‘polysemy’ of the terms. A term is called ambiguous or polysemic if it has more than one meaning. Ambiguity and vagueness have been the subject of considerable attention in linguistics and philosophy</translate><ref>{{cita libro
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| autore = Schick F
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| titolo = Ambiguity and Logic
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| url =
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| volume =
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| opera =
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| anno = 2003
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| editore = Cambridge University Press
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| città =
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| ISBN = 9780521531719
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| DOI =
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| oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
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| PMID =
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| LCCN =
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| OCLC =
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}}</ref><ref>{{cita libro
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| autore = Teigen KH
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| titolo = The language of uncertainty
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| url =
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| volume =
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| opera = Acta Psychologica
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| anno = 1988
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| editore =
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| città =
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| ISBN =
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| DOI = 10.1016/0001-6918(88)90043-1
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| oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
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| PMID =
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| LCCN =
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| OCLC =
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}}</ref><ref>{{cita libro
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| autore = Varzi AC
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| titolo = Vagueness
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| url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0470018860.s00143
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| volume =
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| opera =
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| anno = 2003
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| editore = Nature Publishing Group
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| città = London, UK
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| ISBN = 9780470016190
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| DOI = 10.1002/0470018860
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| oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
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| PMID =
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}}</ref>; <translate><!--T:81--> but despite the significant detrimental effect of ambiguity and vagueness on adherence to and implementation of the Clinical Pratice Guideline (CPG)</translate><ref>{{cita libro
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| autore = Codish S
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| autore2 = Shiffman RN
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| titolo = A model of ambiguity and vagueness in clinical practice guideline recommendations
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| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560665/
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| volume =
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| opera = AMIA Annu Symp Proc
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| anno = 2005
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| editore =
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| città =
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| ISBN =
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| DOI =
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| oaf = YES<!-- qualsiasi valore -->
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| PMID = 16779019
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| LCCN =
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| OCLC =
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}}</ref>, <translate><!--T:82--> these concepts have not been explored and differentiated yet in a medical context.</translate>
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<translate><!--T:83--> Doctors' interpretation of vague terms varies greatly</translate><ref>{{cita libro
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| autore = Kong A
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| autore2 = Barnett GO
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| autore3 = Mosteller F
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| autore4 = Youtz C
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| titolo =  How medical professionals evaluate expressions of probability
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| url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3748081/
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| volume =
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| opera = N Engl J Med
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| anno = 1986
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| editore =
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| città =
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| ISBN =
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| DOI = 10.1056/NEJM198609183151206
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| oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
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| PMID = 3748081
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| LCCN =
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| OCLC =
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}}</ref>, <translate><!--T:84--> leading to a reduced grip and q greater practice variation from CPGs. Ambiguity is classified into syntactic, semantic and pragmatic types</translate><ref>{{cita libro
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| autore = Bemmel J
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| autore2 = Musen MA
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| titolo = A Handbook of Medical Informatics
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| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229125225_A_Handbook_of_Medical_Informatics/link/09e415113c8d8b5e0b000000/download
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| volume =
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| opera =
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| anno = 1997
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| editore = Houten/Diegem
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| città = Bonn, D
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| ISBN =
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| DOI =
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| oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
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| PMID =
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}}</ref>.
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<translate><!--T:85--> As previously described, the meaning of a simple linguistic expression referred to by Mary Poppins has at least three different meanings in three different contexts. The ambiguity and vagueness in the linguistic expression behind the term ‘orofacial pain’, which at the same time could be a source of diagnostic errors, mainly concerns the inefficiency of the medical language logic in decrypting the machine message that the System sends in real time to the exterior. </translate>
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<translate><!--T:86--> Let's spend a minute trying to describe this interesting topic of '''encrypted machine language''' from which the following chapters will be articulated.</translate>
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<translate><!--T:87--> Orofacial pain does not have a meaning in its most genuine lexical form, but rather in what it means in the context in which it exists: a whole series of domains referred to and generated by it such as clinical signs, related symptoms and interactions with other neuromotor, trigeminal, dental districts, etc.</translate> ''<translate><!--T:88--> This machine language does not correspond to verbal language, but to an encrypted language built on its own alphabet</translate>'', <translate><!--T:89--> that generates the message to be converted into verbal (natural) language. Now the problem shifts to the</translate> ''<translate><!--T:90--> language logic used to decrypt the code</translate>''. <translate><!--T:91--> In order to describe this concept in an understandable way, let’s contemplate a series of examples. </translate>
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<translate><!--T:92--> We are supposing that the unfortunate Mary Poppins is suffering from ‘orofacial pain’, and she is representing the following to the healthcare professionals to whom she relates</translate>:
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{{q2|<translate><!--T:93--> Doc, 10 years ago I started with a widespread discomfort in the jaw, including episodes of bruxism; these worsened so much that I was accusing ‘diffuse facial pain’, in particular in the area of the right ‘TMJ’ with noises in the movements mandibular.</translate><br><translate><!--T:94--> During this period, ‘vesicular lesions’ formed on my skin, which were more evident in the right half of my face.<br>In this period, however, the pain became more intense and intermittent</translate>|}}
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<translate><!--T:95--> The healthcare worker, who may be a dermatologist, a dentist or a neurologist, picks up some verbal messages in Mary Poppins’ dialogue, such as ‘diffuse facial pain’ or ‘TMJ’ or ‘vescicular lesion’, and establishes a series of hypothetical diagnostic conclusions that have nothing to do with the encrypted language.</translate>
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<translate><!--T:96--> Here, however, we should abandon a little the acquired patterns and opinions to better follow the concept of ‘encrypted language’. Let's suppose, therefore, that the System is generating and sending the following encrypted message, for instance</translate>: '''<translate><!--T:97--> Ephaptic</translate>'''.
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<translate><!--T:98--> Now, what has ‘Ephaptic’ to do with <sub>n</sub>OP or TMDs? </translate>
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</ref>.
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<translate><!--T:99--> Nothing and everything, as we will better verify at the end of the chapters about the logic of medical language; but by now we will dedicate some time to the concepts of ''encryption'' and ''decryption''. We have perhaps heard about them in spy movies or in information security, but they are important in medicine too, you'll see.</translate>
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== Bibliography==
 
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