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==<translate><!--T:16--> Progress of Science according to Thomas Kuhn</translate>==

==<translate><!--T:16--> Progress of Science according to Thomas Kuhn</translate>==

'''Thomas Kuhn''' <translate><!--T:17--> in his most famous work states that ''science cyclically passes through some phases indicative of its operation''.</translate><ref>Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati, 18 <translate><!--T:18--> july</translate> 1922 – Cambridge, 17 <translate><!--T:19--> june</translate> 1996) <translate><!--T:20--> was an American philosopher of science</translate>.<br><translate><!--T:21--> See</translate> Treccani, ''[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/thomas-samuel-kuhn/ Kuhn, Thomas Samuel]''. Wikipedia, ''[[:wpen:Thomas Kuhn|Thomas Kuhn]]''.

'''Thomas Kuhn''' <translate><!--T:17--> in his most famous work states that ''science cyclically passes through some phases indicative of its operation''.</translate><ref>Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati, 18 <translate><!--T:18--> july</translate> 1922 – Cambridge, 17 <translate><!--T:19--> june</translate> 1996) <translate><!--T:20--> was an American philosopher of science</translate>.<br><translate><!--T:21--> See</translate> Treccani, ''[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/thomas-samuel-kuhn/ Kuhn, Thomas Samuel]''. Wikipedia, ''[[:wikipedia:Thomas Kuhn|Thomas Kuhn]]''.

</ref><ref>{{cita libro  

</ref><ref>{{cita libro  

  | autore = Kuhn Thomas S

  | autore = Kuhn Thomas S

<translate><!--T:121--> Even before drawing conclusions, conceptual clarity must be made on some fundamental points which of course will be treated in detail in the specific chapters of Masticationpedia.</translate>

<translate><!--T:121--> Even before drawing conclusions, conceptual clarity must be made on some fundamental points which of course will be treated in detail in the specific chapters of Masticationpedia.</translate>

<translate><!--T:122--> The Masticatory System should be considered as a “'''Complex System'''”</translate><ref>''[[wpen:Complex system|Complex system]]'' <translate><!--T:123--> in</translate> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Wikipedia]</ref>, <translate><!--T:124--> not as a Biomechanical System focused exclusively on dental occlusion, because in this sense the “Occlusion” is nothing more than a subset of the Complex System interacting with the other subsets, such as periodontal receptors, neuromuscular spindles, recruitment of motor units, central nervous system, temporomandibular joint, etc., to give shape to an “Emerging Behaviour”, the masticatory one.</translate>

<translate><!--T:122--> The Masticatory System should be considered as a “'''Complex System'''”</translate><ref>''[[wikipedia:Complex system|Complex system]]'' <translate><!--T:123--> in</translate> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Wikipedia]</ref>, <translate><!--T:124--> not as a Biomechanical System focused exclusively on dental occlusion, because in this sense the “Occlusion” is nothing more than a subset of the Complex System interacting with the other subsets, such as periodontal receptors, neuromuscular spindles, recruitment of motor units, central nervous system, temporomandibular joint, etc., to give shape to an “Emerging Behaviour”, the masticatory one.</translate>

<translate><!--T:125--> The peculiarity of this concept is that it is not possible to interpret or predict the “Emerging Behaviour” of a System by extracting objective data from a single subset. Instead, ''the integrity of the System must be quantified in its entirety'', and only then can a segmentation of the whole be attempted to make an analytical description of the node itself. There are very important intellectual and scientific movements that are engaging with this issue; in this regard, the extraordinary work of Prof. Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh: ''Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine'' comes to mind.</translate><ref>{{cita libro  

<translate><!--T:125--> The peculiarity of this concept is that it is not possible to interpret or predict the “Emerging Behaviour” of a System by extracting objective data from a single subset. Instead, ''the integrity of the System must be quantified in its entirety'', and only then can a segmentation of the whole be attempted to make an analytical description of the node itself. There are very important intellectual and scientific movements that are engaging with this issue; in this regard, the extraordinary work of Prof. Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh: ''Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine'' comes to mind.</translate><ref>{{cita libro