Changes

In recent years, parallel developments in different disciplines have focused on what has been called "Connectivity"; a concept used to understand and describe the " Complex Systems". The conceptualizations and functionalizations of connectivity have evolved widely within their disciplinary boundaries, but there are clear similarities in this concept and in its application between the disciplines. However, any implementation of the concept of connectivity involves both ontological and epistemological constraints, which leads us to wonder if there is a type or set of connectivity approaches that could be applied to all disciplines. In this review, we explore four ontological and epistemological challenges in using connectivity to understand complex systems from the point of view of very different disciplines.  

In recent years, parallel developments in different disciplines have focused on what has been called "Connectivity"; a concept used to understand and describe the " Complex Systems". The conceptualizations and functionalizations of connectivity have evolved widely within their disciplinary boundaries, but there are clear similarities in this concept and in its application between the disciplines. However, any implementation of the concept of connectivity involves both ontological and epistemological constraints, which leads us to wonder if there is a type or set of connectivity approaches that could be applied to all disciplines. In this review, we explore four ontological and epistemological challenges in using connectivity to understand complex systems from the point of view of very different disciplines.  

in the chapter XX we will introduce in a detailed way the concept of : (i) defining the fundamental unit for the study of connectivity; (ii) separate structural connectivity from functional connectivity; (iii) understanding of emerging behavior; and (iv) measuring connectivity, but now we have to consider the complex profile of the masticatory function for later to talk about "connectivity"<ref>Appl Netw Sci. 2018;3(1):11. doi: 10.1007/s41109-018-0067-2. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

in the chapter XX we will introduce in a detailed way the concept of : (i) defining the fundamental unit for the study of connectivity; (ii) separate structural connectivity from functional connectivity; (iii) understanding of emerging behavior; and (iv) measuring connectivity, but now we have to consider the complex profile of the masticatory function for later to talk about "connectivity"<ref>{{cita libro

 

| autore = Turnbull L, Rens  & Anthony J.

[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30839779 Connectivity and complex systems: learning from a multi-disciplinary perspective.]

 

Turnbull L¹, Hütt MT², Ioannides AA³, Kininmonth S^4,5, Poeppl R⁶, Tockner K^7,8,9, Bracken LJ¹, Keesstra S¹⁰, Liu L³, Masselink R¹⁰, Parsons AJ¹¹.</ref>

| titolo = Connectivity and complex systems: learning from a multi-disciplinary perspective

  | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30839779

| DOI = 10.1007/s41109-018-0067-2

| oaf = yes<!-- qualsiasi valore -->

}}</ref>

Only in later times the importance of the mastication function became evident as a Complex System for its interaction with a multitude of other Nervous Centers and Systems (CNS) which are also distant from a functional point of view. <ref>Viggiano A, Manara R, Conforti R, Paccone A, Secondulfo C, Lorusso L, Sbordone L, Di Salle F, Monda M, Tedeschi G, Esposito F. Mastication induces long-term increases in blood perfusion of the trigeminal principal nucleus. Neuroscience. 2015 Dec 17;311:75-80. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.017. Epub 2015 Oct 21.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mastication+induces+long-term+increases+in+blood+perfusion+of+the+trigeminal+principal+nucleus</ref>. The mastication function has always been considered a peripheral ad isolated function with reference to the phonetics and chewing. Following this scientific philosophy, there have been countless points of view that focused, and still focus, on the diagnosis and rehabilitation of Mastication exclusively in the maxillaries by excluding any multi-structural correlation.  

Only in later times the importance of the mastication function became evident as a Complex System for its interaction with a multitude of other Nervous Centers and Systems (CNS) which are also distant from a functional point of view. <ref>Viggiano A, Manara R, Conforti R, Paccone A, Secondulfo C, Lorusso L, Sbordone L, Di Salle F, Monda M, Tedeschi G, Esposito F. Mastication induces long-term increases in blood perfusion of the trigeminal principal nucleus. Neuroscience. 2015 Dec 17;311:75-80. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.017. Epub 2015 Oct 21.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mastication+induces+long-term+increases+in+blood+perfusion+of+the+trigeminal+principal+nucleus</ref>. The mastication function has always been considered a peripheral ad isolated function with reference to the phonetics and chewing. Following this scientific philosophy, there have been countless points of view that focused, and still focus, on the diagnosis and rehabilitation of Mastication exclusively in the maxillaries by excluding any multi-structural correlation.